Instrumental Factors

Please click on the links below to access a complete list of sources.

• Capgemini: Number of High Net Worth Individuals
• Ethnologue: Linguistic Diversity
• Euromonitor: Top Tourism Destinations
• Hays: Global Skills Index
• Henley Partners: Visa Restrictions Index
• IMD: World Talent Rankings
• Institute for Economics & Peace: Global Terrorism Index
• Mercer: Quality of Living City Rankings
• Mercer: Cost of Living City Rankings
• Numbeo: Health Care Index
• Numbeo: Quality of Life Index
• Numbeo: Crime Index
• OECD: Household net adjusted disposable income
• OECD: Household net financial wealth
• OECD: Education attainment
• OECD: Life Expectancy
• OECD: Employees working very long hours
• Cato Institute: Human Freedom Index
• UBS: Citizens Domestic Purchasing Power
• UN Development Program: Human Development Index
• UN Office of Drugs & Crime: Homicide Rates
• World Bank: Graduates in social Science, Business and Law (as % of total graduates)
• World Bank: Gross Tertiary Graduation Ratio
• World Bank: Average Precipitation in Depth

• AT Kearney: Global Services Location
• CIA: Government Debt as % of GDP
• CIA: Common Law Countries
• EIU: Business Environment Rankings
• EIU: Operational Risk Rating
• Enerdata Statistical Yearbook: Crude oil input to refineries
• Enerdata Statistical Yearbook: Share of wind and solar in electricity production
• Enerdata Statistical Yearbook: Energy Intensity of GDP
• Enerdata Statistical Yearbook: Share of renewables in electricity production
• Forbes: Best Countries for Business
• Fraser Institute: Economic Freedom of the World
• International Budget Partnership: Open Budget Survey
• Institute for Economics & Peace: Global Peace Index
• ITU: Global Cybersecurity Index
• KPMG: Individual Income Tax Rates
• Lloyd's: Lloyd's City Risk Index 2015-2025
• OECD: Personal Tax Rates
• OECD: Bilateral Tax Information Exchange Agreements
• OECD: OECD Country Risk Classification
• PwC: Corporate Tax Rates
• Reporters Without Borders (RSF): Press Freedom Index
• Swiss Association for Standardisation (SNV): Currencies
• Tax Justice Network: Financial Secrecy Index
• The Commonwealth: Commonwealth Countries
• Transparency International: Corruption Percentage Index
• UBS: Wage Comparison Index
• UNFCCC: City Commitment to Carbon Reduction(Individual Action)
• UNFCCC: City Commitment to Carbon Reduction(Cooperative Action)
• World Bank: Ease of Doing Business Index
• World Bank: Real Interest Rate
• World Bank: Tax as Percentage of GDP
• World Bank: Government Effectiveness
• World Bank: Inflation, GDP Deflator
• World Bank: Rule of Law
• World Bank: Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism
• World Bank: Regulatory Quality
• World Bank: Control of Corruption
• World Justice Project: World Government
• World Justice Project: Regulatory Enforcement

• Bank for International Settlements: Net External Positions of Banks
• Bank for International Settlements: External Positions of Central Banks as a Share of GDP
• Cushman & Wakefield: Business Process Outsourcing Location Index
• Corporate Knights: Financial Institutions clean revenue to fossil-related
• Corporate Knights: Financial Institutions Conventional to new Energy Data
• Corporate Knights: Financial Centre Sustainability Disclosure
• Corporate Knights: Financial Centre carbon intensity
• Corporate Knights: Financial system green alignment
• Corporate Knights: Climate -aligned Bonds Outstanding by Country of Issuer
• Corporate Knights: Green Bond Issued by Country of Issuer
• CBI: Total issuance of labelled green bonds to July 2018, USDm
• CBI: Total number of labelled green bonds issued to July 2018
• CBI: Certified Climate Bond issued to July 2018, % of centre total
• CBI: Externally reviewed (excl CCB) labelled green bonds issued to July 2018, % of centre total
• CBI: Not-externally-reviewed labelled green bonds issued to July 2018, % of centre total
• CBI: Green Bond Segments on Stock Exchanges(Y/N)
• DHL: Global Connectedness Index
• Investment Company Institute: Total Net Assets of Regulated Open-End Funds
• Islamic Banks & Financial Institutions: Islamic Finance Country Index
• UN Sustainable Stock Exchange Initiative: Sustainable Stock Exchanges(Y/N)
• World Bank: Domestic Credit Provided by Banking Sector (% of GDP)
• World Bank: Percentage of Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment
• World Bank: Liner Shipping Connectivity Index
• World Federation of Stock Exchanges: Capitalisation of Stock Exchanges
• World Federation of Stock Exchanges: Value of Share Trading
• World Federation of Stock Exchanges: Volume of Share Trading
• World Federation of Stock Exchanges: Broad Stock Index Levels
• World Federation of Stock Exchanges: Value of Bond Trading

• Arcadis: Sustainable Cities Mobility Index
• CBRE Research: Office Occupancy Cost
• CIA: Roadways per Land Area
• CIA: Railways per Land Area
• Corporate Knights: GRESB Green Real Estate and Infrastructure Investment Score
• Ericsson: Networked Society City Index
• IEA: Buildings Energy Efficiency Policies Database(Y/N)
• INRIX: INRIX Traffic Scorecard
• Jones Lang LaSalle: JLL Real Estate Transparency Index
• Knight Frank: Prime International Residential Index
• Metro Bits: Metro Network Length
• OECD: Water Quality
• Solability: Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index
• TomTom: TomTom Traffic Index
• United Nations: ICT Development Index
• United Nations: Telecommunications Infrastructure Index
• World Bank: Logistics Performance Index
• World Bank: Protected Land Area % of land area
• World Bank: Forestry Area
• World Bank: CO2 Emissions Per Capita
• World Economic Forum: Quality of Domestic Transfer Network
• World Economic Forum: Quality of Roads
• World Economic Forum: Networked Readiness Index
• World Energy Council: Energy Sustainability Index
• World Wide Web Foundation: Open Data Barometer
• WHO: Air Quality Data
• Yale University: Environmental Performance

• 2ThinkNow Innovation Cities: Innovation Cities Index
• Arcadis: Sustainable Cities Index
• AT Kearney: FDI Confidence Index
• AT Kearney: Global Cities Index
• Boston Consulting Group: Sustainable Economic Development
• Economist: RPI (% change on year ago)
• Economist: Big Mac Index
• Good Country Party: Good Country Index
• Henley Partners: Quality of Nationality Index
• IESE: IESE Cities in Motion Index
• IMD: World Competitiveness Scoreboard
• INSEAD: Global Innovation Index
• Legatum Institute: Legatum Prosperity Index
• Taylor Wessing: Global Intellectual Property Index
• UBS: Price Levels
• UNCTAD: Foreign Direct Investment Inflows
• UNCTAD: FDI Inflows to GDP
• World Bank: GDP per Person Employed
• World Economic Forum: Global Competitiveness Index
• World Economic Forum: Number of International Association Meetings
• World Economic Forum: Global Enabling Trade Report